
"Introduction to Christianity": Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow | Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger |
Preface to the Second Edition (2004) of
Introduction To Christianity
Since this work
was first published, more than thirty years have passed, in which world history
has moved along at a brisk pace. In retrospect, two years seem to be
particularly important milestones in the final
decades of the millennium that
has just come to an end: 1968 and 1989. The year 1968 marked the rebellion of a
new generation, which not only considered post-war reconstruction in Europe as
inadequate, full of injustice, full of selfishness and greed, but also viewed
the entire course of history since the triumph of Christianity as a mistake and
a failure. These young people wanted to improve things at last, to bring about
freedom, equality, and justice, and they were convinced that they had found the
way to this better world in the mainstream of Marxist thought. The year 1989
brought the surprising collapse of the socialist regimes in Europe, which left
behind a sorry legacy of ruined land and ruined souls. Anyone who expected that
the hour had come again for the Christian message was disappointed. Although
the number of believing Christians throughout the world is not small,
Christianity failed at that historical moment to make itself heard as an epoch
making alternative. Basically, the Marxist doctrine of salvation (in several
differently orchestrated variations, of course) had taken a stand as the sole
ethically motivated guide to the future that was at the same time consistent
with a scientific worldview. Therefore, even after the shock of 1989, it did
not simply abdicate. We need only to recall how little was said about the
horrors of the Communist gulag, how isolated Solzhenitsyn's voice remained: no
one speaks about any of that. A sort of shame forbids it; even Pol Pot's
murderous regime is mentioned only occasionally in passing. But there were
still disappointment and a deep-seated perplexity. People no longer trust grand
moral promises, and after all, that is what Marxism had understood itself to
be. It was about justice for all, about peace, about doing away with unfair
master-servant relationships, and so on. Marxism believed that it had to dispense
with ethical principles for the time being and that it was allowed to use
terror as a beneficial means to these noble ends. Once the resulting human
devastation became visible, even for a moment, the former ideologues preferred
to retreat to a pragmatic position or else declared quite openly their contempt
for ethics. We can observe a tragic example of this in Colombia, where a
campaign was started, under the Marxist banner at first, to liberate the small
farmers who had been downtrodden by the wealthy financiers. Today, instead, a
rebel republic has developed, beyond governmental control, which quite openly
depends on drug trafficking and no longer seeks any moral justification for
this, especially since it thereby satisfies a demand in wealthy nations and at
the same time gives bread to people who would otherwise not be able to expect
much of anything from the world economy. In such a perplexing situation,
shouldn't Christianity try very seriously to rediscover its voice, so as to
"introduce" the new millennium to its message, and to make it comprehensible as
a general guide for the future?
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